The effects of natural polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogel on bacteriostatic activity and biofilm clearance of berberine / 药学学报

Taking berberine (BBR) as an example, to study whether the supramolecular hydrogel formed by berberine and lotus root starch (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn; LRS), a natural polysaccharide, affects the inhibition to Staphylococcus aureus and the ability of biofilm clearance. The chemical structure and rheological properties of BBR@LRS gel were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and rheometer. The in vitro release of supramolecular hydrogel was observed at pH = 1.2 and pH = 7.4. Broth dilution method and biofilm clearence experiment were used to observe the bacteriostasis and biofilm clearance respectively. Cytotoxicity test and in vitro hemolysis test were used to evaluate the biosafety preliminarily. The results showed that the LRS polysaccharide hydrogel could encapsulate BBR, and there was an interaction between them. The BBR@LRS gel had good rheological properties and biosafety, and played a role in solubility enhancement and slow release of BBR, which was stronger than BBR in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and clearing biofilm. This study provides reference for the effect of natural polysaccharide supramolecular hydrogels on biological functions of active components of traditional Chinese medicine.

Physical fitness training and reaction speed in sports table tennis players / Treinamento de aptidão física e velocidade de reação nos jogadores de tênis de mesa esportivo / Entrenamiento de aptitud física y velocidad de reacción en jugadores de tenis de mesa deportivo

ABSTRACT Introduction: Table tennis is demanding in terms of athletes' physical fitness and muscular responsiveness. Excellent physical fitness is important to ensure a high technical level. It can also play an essential role in injury prevention. Objective: Explore the correlation between table tennis players' movements and their displacements. Methods: Volunteer professional competitors underwent a private 16-week quality speed training program. In this experiment, athletes had their speed analyzed before and after training. Mathematical and statistical analyses were performed on the collected data. Some discussions are made to improve the reflex ability of the athletes. Results: The table tennis players' physical fitness and action response capacity were explored. After physical exercise, the players' reflex ability improved. There were statistically significant differences in the data (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results show that special training improves athletes' reaction speed, endurance, strength, coordination, and flexibility. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O tênis de mesa é um esporte exigente quanto à aptidão física e à capacidade de resposta muscular do atleta. A excelente aptidão física é importante para assegurar o elevado nível técnico. Também pode desempenhar um papel essencial na prevenção de lesões. Objetivo: Explorar a correlação entre os movimentos dos jogadores de tênis de mesa e seus deslocamentos. Métodos: Competidores profissionais voluntários foram submetidos a um programa particular de treinamento de qualidade de velocidade com 16 semanas de duração. Nesta experiência, os atletas tiveram sua velocidade analisada antes e depois do treinamento. Análises matemáticas e estatísticas foram realizadas sobre os dados coletados. Algumas discussões são feitas para melhorar a capacidade no reflexo dos atletas. Resultados: Explorou-se a aptidão física dos jogadores de tênis de mesa e a capacidade de resposta à ação. Após o exercício físico, a capacidade de reflexão dos jogadores melhorou. Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos dados (P<0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados mostram que o treinamento especial desenvolvido melhora a velocidade de reação dos atletas, a resistência, a força, a coordenação e a flexibilidade. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tenis de mesa es un deporte exigente en cuanto a la forma física y la capacidad de respuesta muscular del deportista. Una excelente forma física es importante para garantizar el alto nivel técnico. También puede desempeñar un papel esencial en la prevención de lesiones. Objetivo: Explorar la correlación entre los movimientos de los jugadores de tenis de mesa y sus desplazamientos. Métodos: Se sometió a competidores profesionales voluntarios a un programa de entrenamiento de calidad de velocidad particular de 16 semanas de duración. En este experimento, se analizó la velocidad de los atletas antes y después del entrenamiento. Se realizaron análisis matemáticos y estadísticos de los datos recogidos. Se hacen algunas discusiones para mejorar la capacidad en el reflejo de los atletas. Resultados: Se exploró la aptitud física y la capacidad de respuesta a la acción de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Tras el ejercicio físico, la capacidad de reflejo de los jugadores mejoró. Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los datos (P<0,05). Conclusión: Los resultados muestran que el entrenamiento especial desarrollado mejora la velocidad de reacción, la resistencia, la fuerza, la coordinación y la flexibilidad de los atletas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The Practice and Exploration of Education Reforms in Longer-Duration Medical Programs / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Since 1988,our school has been enrolling in increasing numbers students in 7-year programs of clinical medicine and stomatology. During the period, we have accumulated some experience, which can be embodied in five major points. On this basis, we have, starting from this year, enrolled students working on doctoral degree in 8-year programs with candidates who have completed 4-year undergraduate programs of science and engineering, designed to further intensify reforms in medical education programs.